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Modern Indian History MCQs

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Modern Indian History & Freedom Struggle for General Studies and GK preparation of SSC, NDA, CDS, UPSC, UPPSC and State PSC Examinations

1. Who among the following was the first defense minister of India after independence?

[A] Sardar Patel
[B] Krishna Menon
[C] Sardar Baldev Singh
[D] Deep Narayan Singh

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Sardar Baldev Singh] Notes:
Baldev Singh was the first defense minister of independent India. He was appointed in 1947 by the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. Singh served in Nehru’s cabinet from 1947–52. Singh was a Sikh political leader who participated in the Indian independence movement. He played a key role in organizing and strengthening India’s armed forces. He also managed security and relief efforts during partition. Singh served as defense minister during the Kashmir war between India and Pakistan. India successfully defended the war and stopped the Pakistani forces behind the Line of Control.

2. Who among the following presided over the historic Lahore session of 1929 of Indian National Congress?

[A] Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
[B] Rajendra Prasad
[C] Lala Lajpat Rai
[D] Pandit Motilal Nehru

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru] Notes:
In 1928, for the first time a constitution for India was drafted by Nehru Committee that was headed by Moti Lal Nehru. A year later, in the Lahore session of December 1929, Congress passed the Poorna Swaraj resolution. It was the same session in which Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as president of the Congress.
Here, please note that though the congress passed the Poorna Swaraj Resolution in December 1929, it was a month later on January 26, 1930, when a Pledge of Indian Independence also known as Declaration of Independence was taken. You must note here that while the Poorna Swaraj Resolution was drafted by Jawaharlal Lal Nehru, the “Declaration of Independence” pledge was drafted by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 and it echoed the essence of American Declaration of Independence. After this pledge January 26, 1930 was declared as Independence Day by Indian National Congress.

3. Who among the following introduced the Vernacular Press Act?

[A] Sir Ashley Eden
[B] Alexander John Arbuthnot
[C] Lord Lytton
[D] Lord Stanley

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Lord Lytton] Notes:
In 1878, Lord Lytton introduced the Vernacular Press Act to ban the vernacular press in India. The first victim was the nationalist Newspaper ‘Soma Prakash’.

4. Which among the following was the first registered Trade Union of India?

[A] Hindu Mazdoor Sabha
[B] Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangh
[C] Madras Labour Union
[D] United Trade Union Congress

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Madras Labour Union] Notes:
The first registered Trade Union of India was Madras Labour Union, which was founded in 1918 by B.P. Wadia along with V. Kalyanasundaram Mudaliar.

5. Which among the following events was a major setback to the Khilafat Movement?

[A] Announcements of concession to Muslims by British Government
[B] Pact signed between Indian National Congress and Muslim League
[C] Revolution in Turkey
[D] Violence in Chauri Chaura

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Revolution in Turkey] Notes:
In 1922, there was a revolution in Turkey under the leadership of Mustafa Kamal Pasha, under whom a secular government was established over there. This government buried the concept of Khilafat within two years and the result was that Khilafat Conference had lost its raison d ‘etre and was dying thereafter.

6. Who among the following is known as the Mother of Indian Revolutionaries?

[A] Annie Besant
[B] Sarojini Naidu
[C] Madam Cama
[D] Usha Mehta

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Madam Cama] Notes:
Bhikaiji Rustom Cama, or Madam Cama was born on 24 September 1861 in Bombay. She was an outstanding lady of great courage, fearlessness, integrity, perseverance and passion for freedom and is considered as the mother of Indian revolution because of her contributions to the Indian freedom struggle. She was credited with designing India’s first tricolour flag with green, saffron, and red stripes bearing the immortal words – Vande Matram. After fighting tirelessly for India’s freedom struggle on foreign land for several years, she came back to India and died on August 13, 1936.

7. The Congress and Muslim League had most cordial relationships between which among the following years?

[A] 1906 to 1916
[B] 1916 to 1922
[C] 1922 to 1928
[D] 1928 to 1934

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1916 to 1922] Notes:
During the Lucknow session of Indian National Congress in 1916, the Congress and Muslim League together started demanding common reforms to the government. When the Khilafat Movement faded away in 1922, their relationship came into a cessation.

8. The Montague-Chelmsford Report formed the basis of _______?

[A] Indian Councils act 1909
[B] The Government of India Act 1919
[C] The Government of India act 1935
[D] The Indian Independence Act 1947

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [The Government of India Act 1919 ] Notes:
The Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms were introduced by the colonial government in British India in 1919. Edwin Montagu was the then Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford, the Viceroy of India. It announced the progressive realization of responsible Government in India as an integral part of the British Empire.

9. Who among the following started Ganapati Festival in 1893 and thereby gave it a national character?

[A] Ganesh Damodar Savarkar
[B] Nana Patil
[C] Bal Gangadhar Tilak
[D] Vinoba Bhave

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Bal Gangadhar Tilak] Notes:
Bal Gangadhar Tilak started the Ganapati festival in 1893. By doing so, he transformed the traditional Ganapati festival of Maharashtra into a National festival.

10. The name of “Operation Trojan Horse” has been linked to the martyrdom of which among the following freedom fighters?

[A] Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev,
[B] Chandra Shekhar Azad
[C] Khudi Ram Bose
[D] Madan Lal Dhingra

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev,] Notes:
According to Allahabadi — as recalled by Kulwant and presented by Sindhra — the ‘execution’ of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev marked the execution of a conspiracy code-named “Operation Trojan Horse”, which, in effect, facilitated the pacification of the British officers in general and the prospective in-laws of the late J P Saunders in particular. Accordingly, Bhagat Singh and his associates did go through the formality of ‘hanging’ but only to the extent of breaking their necks; semi-conscious, they were taken to the Lahore Cantonment where the ‘Death Squad’, comprising Saunder’s family, shot them to quench their thirst for revenge.

11. Lalita Mahal that was specially built as a residence of Viceroy of British India is located in which of the following city?

[A] Mysore
[B] Hyderabad
[C] Chennai
[D] Kolkata

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Mysore] Notes:
Lalitha Mahal is located in Mysore in the state of Karnataka near Chamundi Hills. It was built in the year 1921. It was built for the exclusive stay of the Viceroy of India.

12. Till which of the following years, the appointments of the Civil Services were exclusively done by the Directors of the East India Company?

[A] 1833
[B] 1853
[C] 1857
[D] 1858

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1853] Notes:
The Directors of the East India Company used to appoint the Civil Services personnel exclusively till 1853. The system was abolished in the year 1853 by the Parliament in England. It was decided that the induction would be conducted through competitive examinations of all British subjects.

13. Who among the following was the first Indian to sit as a judge of the Madras High Court?

[A] P. V. Rajamannar
[B] T. Muthuswamy Iyer
[C] Sir S. Subramania Iyer
[D] V. T. Krishnamachari

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [ T. Muthuswamy Iyer ] Notes:
Madras High Court was established in 1862 along with Bombay High Court and Calcutta High Court after the Indian High Courts Act was enacted in 1861. Its jurisdiction extends to Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. It was formed after the merger of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Madras, and the Sadar Deewani Adalat. The first Indian to sit as a judge of the High Court was Justice T. Muthuswamy Iyer. It has a bench at Madurai. Madras High Court is also known as the birthplace of organized legal reporting in India as Madras Law Journal was started in 1891.

14. In which year, India Office of the Secretary of State for India and Burma came to an end?

[A] 1943
[B] 1945
[C] 1947
[D] 1950

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1947] Notes:
India Office of the Secretary of State for India and Burma came to an end in 1947 when India got independence, and now the Secretary of state of India and Burma was left to be Secretary of Burma.

15. Who among the following was the founder of the Paris Indian Society?

[A] S R Rana
[B] Bhikaji Kama
[C] Taraknath
[D] Lala Hardayal

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Bhikaji Kama] Notes:
The Paris Indian Society, also known as Bharat Mandal, was an Indian nationalist organization founded in Paris in 1905. The society was founded by Madam Bhikaji Rustom Cama, Munchershah Burjorji Godrej, and S. R. Rana. The society was a branch of the Indian Home Rule Society, which was founded in London in 1905.

16. Who published the first exclusively Hindi language newspaper “Udant Martand”?

[A] Jugal Kishore Shukla
[B] Lala Jagat Narayan
[C] Raja Ram Mohan Roy
[D] Fardunjee Marzban

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Jugal Kishore Shukla] Notes:
The first Hindi-language weekly newspaper, Udant Martand (The Rising Sun) was published on May 30, 1826, from Calcutta by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla.

17. Which among the following organizations was formed by Europeans in India to carry on their agitation against the Ilbert Bill?

[A] European and Anglo Indian Defence Association
[B] Anti-Ilbert Bill Association
[C] Anglo-Indian Society
[D] European and Anglo Indian Rights Community

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [ European and Anglo Indian Defence Association] Notes:
On 28 February 1883, one of the largest meetings of Europeans ever held in the Calcutta Town Hall assembled to protest against the ” Ilbert Bill” then n advertisement published in the Englishman, dated March 9, 1883, shows that another organization sprang up during the controversy over the Ilbert Bill. It was called the European and Anglo-Indian Defence Association.

18. Anglo-Indian Henry Vivian Derozio is associated with__?

[A] Self Respect Movement
[B] Justice Party Movement
[C] Young Bengal Movement
[D] Seva Sadan

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Young Bengal Movement] Notes:
Henry Vivian Derozio was the leader of this movement.

19. During the Indian Freedom Struggle, why did Rowlatt Act arouse popular indignation?

[A] It curtailed the freedom of religion.
[B] It suppressed the Indian traditional education.
[C] It authorized the government to imprison people without trial
[D] It curbed the trade union activities.

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [It authorized the government to imprison people without trial] Notes:
During the viceroyalty of Lord Chelmsford, a sedition committee was appointed by the government in 1918 with Justice Rowlatt, which made certain recommendations to curb sedition activity in India. The Rowlatt Act 1919 gave unbridled powers to the government to arrest and imprison suspects without trial. The act caused a wave of anger among all sections of the people. Even before the act was passed, popular agitations had begun against it. Gandhiji decided to fight against this act and he gave a call for Satyagraha on April 6, 1919. He was arrested on April 8, 1919. This led to further intensification of the agitation in Delhi, Ahmadabad, and Punjab.

20. Who among the following was the editor of ‘Young India and Harijan’?

[A] Mahatma Gandhi
[B] Nehru
[C] Ambedkar
[D] Subhash Chandra Bose

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Mahatma Gandhi] Notes:
Gandhi started publishing a weekly journal called “Harijan” on 11 February 1933 from Yerwada Jail during British rule. He created three publications: Harijan in English (from 1933 to 1948), Harijan Bandu in Gujarati, and Harijan Sevak in Hindi.

21. Who among the following Europeans was the first to start trade with India?

[A] The Portuguese
[B] The British
[C] The French
[D] The Dutch

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [The Portuguese] Notes:
Portugal was the first European country to start trade with India in the 15th century. On May 20th, 1498, Portuguese explorer Vasco-Da-Gama landed in Kozhikode and became the first European to discover the sea route to India, allowing Portugal to establish a rich trade with India and Southeast Asia.

22. Why did Gandhiji stop the Non- Cooperation Movement?

[A] Because of Gandhi-Irwin Pact
[B] Because the mob turned violent
[C] Because he was ordered to do so by the Britishers
[D] Because he did not like to continue the movement

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Because the mob turned violent] Notes:
The Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn because of the Chauri Chaura incident. Although he had stopped the national revolt single-handedly, on 10 March 1922, Gandhi was arrested. But many historians and Indian leaders of the time also defended Gandhi’s judgement.

23. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below them:

List I List II
(Social Reformers of Modern India) (Their contributions)
A. Kesab Chandra Sen 1. Young Bengal Movement
B. Henry Vivian Derazio 2. Param Hansa Mandali
C. Gopal Hari Deshmukh 3. Sadharan Brahma Samaj
D. Devendranath Tagore 4. Tatvabodhini Sabha

      A B C D

[A] 3 2 4 1
[B] 1 2 3 4
[C] 4 2 1 3
[D] 3 1 2 4

Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [3 1 2 4] Notes:
– Keshub Chandra Sen was an Indian Bengali philosopher and social reformer. Born a Hindu, he became a member of the Brahmo Samaj in 1856 but founded his own breakaway “Brahmo Samaj of India” in 1866 while the Brahmo Samaj remained under the leadership of Debendranath Tagore.
– Henry Derozio was an Indian poet and assistant headmaster of Hindu College, Kolkata, a radical thinker and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and science among the young men of Bengal.
– In 1849, the Paramahansa Mandali was founded in Maharashtra. Champion of new learning and social reform in Maharashtra was Gopal Hari Deshmukh.
– The Tattwabodhini Sabha was a group started in Calcutta on 6 October 1839 as a splinter group of the Brahmo Samaj, reformers of Hinduism and Indian Society. The founding member was Debendranath Tagore.

24. What was the main objective of setting up Lord Clive’s Fund?

[A] To give pension to the rulers of Bengal
[B] To help the servants of the company during financial difficulty
[C] To help the financially weaker section of Bengal
[D] To help the Nawab of Bengal during war

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [To help the servants of the company during financial difficulty] Notes:
Lord Clive’s Fund was set up by Lord Clive himself to help the servants of the company during financial difficulty as there was no pensioning system for the servants.

25. Who was the Viceroy of India when Cripps Mission came to India?

[A] Lord Ripon
[B] Lord Linlithgow
[C] Lord Wavell
[D] Lord Mountbatten

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Lord Linlithgow] Notes:
Cripps Mission came to India in the year 1942 (23rd March) with some proposals on framing the Indian Constitution. Lord Linlithgow was the viceroy of India at that time. Sir Stafford Cripps was the head of the mission.

26. Who of the following was the last holder of the post of Secretary of State for India?

[A] Lord Stanley
[B] Viscount Cranborne
[C] Lord George Hamilton
[D] Lord Pethick-Lawrence

Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Lord Pethick-Lawrence] Notes:
Lord Pethick-Lawrence was the Last holder of the post of Secretary of State for India. His tenure started from 3rd August 1945 to 17th April 1947.

27. Which of the following books influenced Gandhiji to adopt the policy of nonviolence?

[A] The Kingdom of God Is Within You
[B] The Force of Nonviolence
[C] A Testament of Hope
[D] All of the above

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [The Kingdom of God Is Within You] Notes:
Gandhiji received the inspiration of nonviolence from the book “The Kingdom of God Is Within You,” which was written by Leo Tolstoy (Russian writer and philosopher) in the year 1894.

28. The Defence of India Act controlled the Indian press for how many years?

[A] 2
[B] 3
[C] 4
[D] 6

Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [6] Notes:
During the time of World War II, the Defence of India Act was enacted to handle the unwanted situation. It controlled the Indian press for six years. After World War II, it was repealed.

29. Which among the following about the first press commission of India are correct?

1. It was formed in 1952
2. It was consisting of 11 members
3. G. S. Rajadhyaksha was the chairman of the commission
4. It submitted its report in 1954

Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4] Notes:
In the year 1952 (23rd September), the first press commission of India was formed. It was consisting of 11 members. G. S. Rajadhyaksha was the chairman of the commission. It submitted its report in the year 1954.

30. Giving the authority to collect revenue to the highest bidder by Warren Hastings resembles which of the following system?

[A] Iqta system of Iltutmish
[B] Batai system of Akbar
[C] Ijara system of the Mughals
[D] None of the above

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Ijara system of the Mughals] Notes:
Giving the authority to collect revenue to the highest bidder by Warren Hastings resembles the Ijara system of the Mughals. It was introduced in 1773.

31. The British East India Company opened its first factory on the east coast at which of the following place?

[A] Masulipatanam
[B] Surat
[C] Bharuch
[D] Mumbai

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Masulipatanam] Notes:
The British East India Company opened its first factory on the east coast at Masulipatnam. On the west coast, it was Surat.

32. Which of the following funds constituted home charges?

1. Funds used to support the India office in London.
2. Funds used to pay salaries and pensions of British personnel engaged in India.
3. Funds used for waging wars outside India by the British.

Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 and 3] Notes:
Home charges included expenses for the functioning of the India office in London. These charges also constituted the interest on the public debt raised in England at higher rates, the annuities for railway and irrigation, and for the payments to the civil departments, where English people were appointed. Home charges so sent were also used to wage wars outside India by the Englishmen.

33. At which of the following places was the ‘Jatiya Sarkar’ formed during the Quit India Movement?

[A] Ballia
[B] Nagpur
[C] Satara
[D] Tamluk

Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Tamluk] Notes:
Satish Chandra Samanta became the president of Tamluk Congress Committee and remained an active Congress member for decades. He was known for his leadership qualities and other constructive work. His leadership qualities could be observed during the formation of a parallel government named Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar (Tamrlipta National Government) in Tamluk during the Quit India Movement.

34. In which of the following books of Mahatma Gandhi, he called the British Parliament as sterile and prostitute?

[A] Sarvodaya or Universal dawn
[B] An Autobiography or the story of my experiments with truth
[C] Hind Swaraj
[D] The Story of a Satyagrahi

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Hind Swaraj] Notes:
Mahatma Gandhi, in his book Hind Swaraj, called the British Parliament sterile and prostitute. Hind Swaraj was written by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in 1909.

35. Who founded the Dharma Sabha?

[A] Madhusudan Dutt
[B] Ram Narayan Tarkaratana
[C] Radha Kant Dev
[D] Man Mohan Ghosh

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Radha Kant Dev] Notes:
Radhakant Dev (1784-1867) was a scholar and leader of the conservative Hindu society in Calcutta. He was a proponent of preserving Hindu culture and wrote a modern Sanskrit dictionary called शब्दकल्पद्रुम. Dev founded the Dharma Sabha in 1830. He also joined the Calcutta School Book Society and School Society in 1817-1818.

36. The Sadar Diwani Adalat was established at which of the following places under Warren Hastings Plan 1772?

[A] Calcutta
[B] Bombay
[C] Patna
[D] Murshidabad

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Calcutta] Notes:
A Sadar Diwani Adalat was established at Calcutta, exercising appellate jurisdiction over Mofussil Diwani Adalats in all cases where the subject-matter of the suit exceeded Rs. 500/-. This Court comprised the Governor as its President and at least two members of the Council aided by the Diwan of Treasury and Chief Kanungos.

37. Which of the following was the subject matter of Shimla Manifesto of 1838?

[A] Dethroning of Dost Mohammad Khan
[B] Recognizing Ranjit Singh’s Territories
[C] Declaring a war on Russia
[D] None of the above

Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Dethroning of Dost Mohammad Khan] Notes:
Lord Auckland on 1 October 1838 in Simla published the Simla Manifesto, dethroning Dost Mahommed Khan. Auckland issued the Simla Manifesto setting forth the necessary reasons for British intervention in Afghanistan. The manifesto stated that to ensure the welfare of India, the British must have a trustworthy ally on India’s western frontier.

38. Chalisa famine happened in which of the following years?

[A] 1837–38
[B] 1783–84
[C] 1769-70
[D] 1750-55

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1783–84] Notes:
The Chalisa famine of 1783–84 happened in the Indian subcontinent followed by unusual El Nino events that began in 1780 and caused droughts throughout the region. More than 11 million people may have died during the years 1782–84.

39. Lado Rani Zutshi was a leading woman revolutionary from which of the following province of British India?

[A] Bengal
[B] Bihar
[C] Punjab
[D] Uttar Pradesh

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Punjab] Notes:
Lado Rani Zutshi was the leading woman revolutionary of Punjab. She was active from 1919 onwards and a member of Congress. She was appointed as the 8th director of the War Council. Her daughter Manmohini Sehgal also took part in the freedom struggle.

40. The National Planning Committee was set up by S.C. Bose in which of the following years?

[A] 1932
[B] 1938
[C] 1942
[D] 1944

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1938] Notes:
The first attempt to develop a national plan for India came up in 1938. In that year, Congress President Subhash Chandra Bose set up a National Planning Committee with Jawaharlal Nehru as its president. However, the reports of the committee could not be prepared, and only for the first time in 1948-49 did some papers come out.

41. Even if there were a large Hindu population and Hindu king, which of the following princely states had a tendency to join Pakistan after India’s Independence?

[A] Gwalior
[B] Jodhpur
[C] Travancore
[D] Baroda

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Jodhpur] Notes:
Jodhpur wanted to join Pakistan after India’s Independence even if there were a large Hindu population and Hindu king. Later, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel managed to integrate Jodhpur with India. The State Reorganisation Act of 1956 included Jodhpur in the state of Rajasthan.

42. The Orissa famine happened in which of the following year?

[A] 1783–84
[B] 1791–92
[C] 1837–38
[D] 1866

Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1866] Notes:
The Orissa famine of 1866 affected the east coast of India from Madras northwards. It covered an area of 180,000 square miles and a population of 47,500,000. About one-third of the population died due to famine in Odisha.

43. Who was the Prime Minister of Britain on whose initiative, the Cabinet Mission was formulated on 26 March 1946?

[A] Winston Churchill
[B] Anthony Eden
[C] Clement Attlee
[D] Herbert Morrison

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Clement Attlee] Notes:
On 26 March 1946, a British Cabinet Mission, formulated at the initiative of PM Clement Attlee, arrived in India. It comprised Lord Pethick-Lawrence, the Secretary of State for India, Sir Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade, and AV Alexander, the First Lord of the Admiralty. Viceroy Lord Wavell was also associated with it. On 12 May 1946, the British Government’s Cabinet Mission published the “Memorandum on States’ Treaties and Paramountcy,” envisioning an end to the political arrangements between the Princely States and the British Crown, and for the surrendered rights—defence, foreign policy, and communications—to revert to the States when a new fully self-governing or independent Government or Governments came into being in British India. With the withdrawal of Paramountcy, the Princely States were to become independent.

44. Who formed the “Indian Parliamentary Committee” along with Dadabhai Naoroji?

[A] Sir Patrick Spens
[B] Henry Vivian Derozio
[C] Sir Pherozshah Mehta
[D] Sir William Wedderburn

Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Sir William Wedderburn] Notes:
In 1893, Sir William Wedderburn entered the British Parliament as a liberal member and sought to voice India’s grievances within the house. In the same year, he formed the “Indian Parliamentary Committee” with Dadabhai Naoroji and other Indian sympathizers.

45. Ila Sen was associated with which among the following freedom movement incidents?

[A] Anti-Simon Commission agitation
[B] Salt Satyagraha of 1930
[C] Both of them
[D] Quit India Movement

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both of them] Notes:
Ila Sen was a post-graduate of Bengal University, who not only participated in the anti-Simon Commission demonstrations but also took an active part in the Salt Satyagraha of 1930 and was jailed for four months.

46. When did Subhas Chandra Bose become the Mayor of Calcutta Municipal Corporation?

[A] 1924
[B] 1930
[C] 1938
[D] 1939

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1930] Notes:
S.C. Bose served as the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation when Chittaranjan Das was elected mayor of Calcutta in 1924. Later, on 22nd August 1930, Subhas Chandra Bose became the Mayor of Calcutta Municipal Corporation.

47. Who was the first Indian to get selected in ICS?

[A] Rabindranath Tagore
[B] Satyendra Nath Tagore
[C] Subhash Chand Bose
[D] Dadabhai Naorojee

Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Satyendra Nath Tagore] Notes:
Satyendranath Tagore was the first Indian to enter the Indian Civil Service (ICS) through competitive exams in London. He was involved in founding the Hindu Mela at Belgachia, Calcutta, in 1876 and wrote patriotic songs for it. He was active in the Adi Brahmo Samaj and became its president and acharya in 1907, along with his elder brother Dwijendranath Tagore.

48. The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was formed in the year _________ with an aim to overthrow the British:

[A] 1921
[B] 1922
[C] 1928
[D] 1930

Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1928] Notes:
The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was a revolutionary party established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in New Delhi by Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and others to fight against British colonial rule in India. The party was initially named Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) by Bismil when he formed it in 1923. The main reason for the party’s formation was Mahatma Gandhi’s calling off the non-cooperation movement in 1922 because of the Chauri Chaura incident.

49. Mitra Mela was a revolutionary organisation founded by Veer Savarkar in the year _____:

[A] 1856
[B] 1864
[C] 1873
[D] 1900

Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1900] Notes:
In 1899, V.D. Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Savarkar established a revolutionary society ‘Mitra Mela,’ which influenced the members to fight for the “absolute political independence” of India. It was the precursor of Abhinav Bharat Society (Young India Society), founded by the Savarkar Brothers in 1904.

50. Who among the following started the Marathi fortnightly newspaper ‘Bahishkrit Bharat’?

[A] Vir Savarkar
[B] Lokmanya Tilak
[C] Vinobha Bhave
[D] Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Dr. B. R. Ambedkar] Notes:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar published the Marathi fortnightly, ‘Bahishkrit Bharat’ on 2 April 1927. He stated that the reason for starting the paper was that many types of political and social changes were taking place in the country, and he felt that by 1930 many significant political improvements would take place in India. In such a situation, the untouchables of India should get rights in accordance with their numbers.

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